海河水利

为实现北方日光温室中土壤墒情与环境因子（如温度、湿度、光照等）的精准监测，本研究提出一种基于统计学分析的传感器优化布设方法。通过3次监测试验（2021年10月—2023年12月）数据对比分析，探究日光温室内各环境因子的空间分布特征，选择最优布设位置。结果表明：(1)土壤墒情传感器的最优布设位置通常位于温室内远离进水口一侧；(2)土壤墒情传感器的布设应充分考虑作物根系的影响，最优布设位置应接近作物扎根深度；(3)大气温度、湿度监测结果受环境传感器布设位置影响不显著，而光照度监测则需将传感器布设于温室中部以保证准确性。该方法可在保证监测精度的前提下，减少传感器数量冗余，为北方日光温室智能化管理提供了科学的方案。

To achieve accurate monitoring of soil moisture and environmental parameters(such as temperature,humidity,and light)in northern solar greenhouses,an optimized sensor deployment method based on statistical analysis is proposed.Through comparative analysis of data from three monitoring experiments(October 2021 to December 2023),the spatial distribution characteristics of various environmental factors within the greenhouse were explored to select optimal placement locations. The results indicate that:(1)The optimal location for soil moisture sensors is generally on the side of the greenhouse furthest from the water inlet；(2)The placement of soil moisture sensors should fully consider the influence of crop roots,with the optimal depth being close to the crop rooting depth；(3) Atmospheric temperature and humidity monitoring results are not significantly affected by sensor position,whereas light intensity monitoring requires sensors to be placed in the center of the greenhouse to ensure accuracy. This method reduces sensor redundancy while guaranteeing monitoring precision,providing a scientific solution for the intelligent management of northern solar greenhouses.